Test Bank Human Physiology From Cells to Systems 9th Edition Sherwood
Chapter 04 – Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication
1. Membrane potential is related to the uneven distribution of what two positively charged ions?
a. salt and sugar
b. calcium and magnesium
c. hydrogen and oxygen
d. sodium and potassium
e. chloride and phosphorus
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.1 Introduction to Neural Communication
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUPH.SHER.16.4.1 – Explain the role of membrane potential in neural communication
2. What are the two basic forms of electrical signals?
a. high potentials and low potentials
b. physical and action potentials
c. graded potentials and action potentials
d. graded potentials and chemical potentials
e. physical potentials and chemical potentials
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.1 Introduction to Neural Communication
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUPH.SHER.16.4.1.3 – Discuss the effect of ion movement across the plasma membrane
3. As the triggering event gets stronger, what type of gated channels open up more frequently or for longer duration?
a. calcium channels
b. sodium channels
c. potassium channels
d. oxygen channels
e. water channels
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.2 Graded Potentials
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUPH.SHER.16.4.2.1 – Describe the relationship between the triggering event and the resultant graded potential
4. What is the temporarily depolarized region of a membrane called?
a. active area
b. temporary area
c. charged area
d. depolarized area
e. electrical area
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.2 Graded Potentials
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUGH.SHER.16.4.2 – Describe current flow during a graded potential
5. What property do insulators demonstrate that greatly hinders the movement of electrical charge?
6. In general terms, what sort of distance do graded potentials die out over?
a. graded distances
b. active distances
c. long distances
d. medium distances
e. short distances
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.2 Graded Potentials
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUGH.SHER.16.4.2.3 – Explain how graded potentials die out over short distances
a. high resistance
b. low resistance
c. high conductance
d. low conductance
e. absence of electrons
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.2 Graded Potentials
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUPH.SHER.16.4.2.2 – Discuss the spread of graded potentials across the cell membrane
7. Depolarization from the resting potential of -70 mV proceeds slowly until it reaches a critical level known as ____.
a. polarizing action
b. electrical action
c. depolarizing potential
d. active potential
e. threshold potential
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.3 Action Potentials
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.2 – Describe the two events that lead to the development of action potentials
8. Due to its recorded appearance, an action potential is often referred to a ____.
a. plateau
b. hockey stick
c. spike
d. table
e. bell
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.3 Action Potentials
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.1 – Compare action potentials with graded potentials
9. Voltage-gated sodium channels can exist in how many different conformations?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
e. five
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 4.3 Action Potentials
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.3 – Discuss the importance of the Na+–K+ pump in maintaining concentration gradients
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